Background and Theoretical Basis: In today's world, due to the relatively complex procedures of judicial proceedings in national and international courts, the use of Arbitration for the resolution of disputes is expanding. International maritime Arbitration has a special place because more than 90 percent of goods and maritime trade is carried out by sea and ships, and this type of Arbitration has been identified as a special category of Arbitration in the guidelines of the International Bar Association (IBA). Relatively few law firms specialize in maritime Arbitration and there is a need to pay attention to the resolution of disputes between shipping companies at the national and international levels, given the high volume of international trade.Methods: In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, the identification of the parties and the entry of a third party into the Arbitration of maritime disputes were studied and analyzed. This article aims to analyze and discuss the approaches adopted by arbitral tribunals and courts regarding the legal status of non-signatory parties in the context of the two main centers of maritime Arbitration: London and New York. Findings and Conclusion: As a matter of principle, only parties who have executed an Arbitration agreement will be bound by it. However, there are exceptions where parties may be allowed to refer to or be forced to arbitrate even though they have not signed an Arbitration agreement.  In the maritime industry, the issue of determining whether an Arbitration clause is Binding on third parties is critical. The structure of this section is susceptible to disputes involving non-signatories. Usually, maritime contracts are concluded by third parties in the framework of agency relationships, and contracts are assigned. Also, whether bills of lading can bind the holder to the charter party's Arbitration clause is often disputed. The complexity of today's maritime trade has resulted in operators such as ship-owners, charterers, and cargo owners often operating in a corporate group structure where affiliates in specific business areas are interrelated and sometimes operate as an organization. "Front" for other companies.

Introduction: Arbitration has a contractual nature and is subject to the sovereignty of the will of the parties, but in some cases, the legislator imposed the referral of claims to Arbitration on the will of the parties and caused the contractual nature of the Arbitration clause to disappear or be limited. By doing this, he has placed the Arbitration outside the will of the parties. This issue causes some moral conflicts in the discussion of compulsory Arbitration. Therefore, this research has been done with the purpose of examining the position of compulsory Arbitration in Iran's legal system and the ethical challenges in it with a descriptive-analytical approach. Material and Methods: The research was a review method, in order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to electronic education books and virtual education in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2004 to 2022 from the databases of Civilica, Magiran, Sid, Researchgate, Science direct, was reviewed Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that compulsory Arbitration in Iran has ethical challenges in the field of implementation and interpretation, the most important of which is the issue of the right to action and judicial justice. In the context of ambiguities in mandatory Arbitration, even if the method of Arbitration becomes ambiguous, the arbitrator has the duty to find out the will of the legislator with the principles and rules of interpretation, which creates a moral conflict for the arbitrator.

According to the Arbitration agreement, the arbitrators have the authority to settle the dispute of the parties. The invalidity of the Arbitration agreement or the arbitrator's award will have a mutual effect on each other. On the one hand, issuing a decision by the Arbitration authority is based on the authorities of the Arbitration agreement,On the other hand, in Binding Arbitrations, the arbitrator, by issuing a decision once, is freed from further proceedings, unless a further agreement is made by the parties. The necessity of writing an essay is that in the case of annulment of the arbitrator's award, there is a difference of opinion and procedure regarding the subsequent jurisdiction of the judicial authority and Arbitration in future disputes in the Arbitration and judicial system of Iran. In this essay, this issue has been investigated and it has been emphasized that the wording of the note under Article 491of Iran’, s Civil Procedure According to the fact that "in cases where the matter is not referred to Arbitration through the court and the arbitrator's opinion is invalidated, the litigation will be dealt with in the court by filing a petition" refers to the dominant case of Arbitration, i. e. Binding Arbitration,However, in absolute Arbitrations, the arbitrator's award is annulled, according to the purpose and philosophy of the parties' agreement to arbitrate, the Arbitration agreement is not destroyed, and there is still the possibility of settlement by the arbitral institution. The research method in this essay, while studying legal sources using library tools and studying the judicial precedent, is a descriptive-analytical method of applied type.

Today Arbitration centers offer significant services in context of Arbitration. Offered services in centers are not identical, some of centers may perform different activity than others. One of major activities of Arbitration centers is scrutiny of the Arbitration proceeding. In centers such as the ICC Court of Arbitration and ICSID also scrutiny of the ward take place. Scrutiny of ICC Court take place to draft ward and for issues of form, the tribunal is obliged to follow the Court suggestion. In ICSID scrutiny is an quasi-judicial oversight and center has the right of review and annulment of Arbitration award. In this article we will examine the question of whether this type of monitoring is to intervene in the Arbitration tribunal or national courts proceeding.

Just and essential proceedings by the considering authority requires to comply with trial principles, a matter that has been accepted by the Judicial Authorities. In the Arbitration Authorities also due to Judicial function of Arbitration work the observance of trial principles is necessary contrary to Arbitration formalities. One of the principles Binding by the Arbitration Authority is the acceptance of lodging counterclaim by the respondent. Comparative study shows that unlike other countries that legislated this matter, in Iran not only the legislator but also jurists did not pay noteworthy attention to this topic. Regarding the counterclaim in Arbitration it is to be said that this claim is admissible when it is in the scope of Arbitration agreement or clause. In addition to the conditions of counterclaim the said claim is acceptable when there does not exist its barriers. Set-off also is dependent on the claim and with restitution of claim the set-off is discarded. Moreover, the mere restitution of original claim will not render the termination of counterclaim which is under consideration.

With a view to importance of the place of Arbitration in settlement of disputes, encouragement of the population of a society for reference to an arbitrating foundation is necessary.One of the aims of dispute parties from reference to Arbitration instead of reference to justice dept. is being released from prolongation of governmental proceedings (justice dept.), which is in practice attained, and realization of this aim is not possible without application of Arbitration technique and its mechanisms. Governmental proceeding in courts has a start and an end point, in other words, it is started with submission of a petition and establishment of the first court session and ended with termination of proceeding and issuance of a verdict during a period of one week after announcement of proceedings termination.In internal and international Arbitration it is also necessary that a start and an ending point (the Arbitration period) is determined and arbitrator becomes obliged to announce the arbitral award in the determined respite. In the internal Arbitrations, non-observance of this period and an announcement of Arbitration award after the determined period of Arbitration result in cancellation of this award. In the international Arbitrations with a view to the principle of speed in commerce and whereas Arbitration is mainly common in the commercial, transportation and insurance contracts, etc. if the parties determine the Arbitration period, the arbitrator is obliged to announce his award during the determined period and if no period is determined, with consideration of the internal by-laws, the arbitrator is obliged to announce the arbitral award during a period of three months. Not announce arbitral award by the arbitrator in the determined period and his delay result in his disqualification from announcement of arbitral award.

Despite the fact that autonomy is known as one of the approaches related to the nature of Arbitration, it is a type of rule-making mechanism in international commercial Arbitration. This mechanism, based on the contractual nature of Arbitration and aimed to achieve the goal of Arbitration, which is the final peaceful resolution of the dispute, directs rule-making toward reducing court intervention, giving broad powers to the arbitrator or arbitral tribunal, and limiting the agreement that conflicts with the goal of Arbitration. This article, using a descriptive-analytical method, first describes the quality of the autonomous mechanism and concludes that the autonomous mechanism is not specific to international commercial Arbitration; rather, it is a rule-making approach that can also be applied in domestic Arbitration. Then, it compares rule-making in the two legal systems of England and domestic Arbitration in Iran. The use of the autonomous mechanism has led to the efficacy of the Arbitration institution in English law. Rule-making based on the autonomous approach can mitigate or eliminate the inefficiency of domestic Arbitration in Iran.

Assignment of Arbitration clause or Arbitration agreement is very important in internal and international Arbitration and it has accepted in the law of other countries for example the U. K. and the U. S. In this regard there are some proponents and opponents each one has him/her own arguments. Article 481 of civil procedure code provides that the death of one of the parties to the agreement leads to termination of Arbitration Thus if Arbitration concludes under separate Binding contract or in under the terms of article 10 of civil code, that Arbitration will be terminate by death of one of the parties. It means that legal assignment of the contract, doesn`t cause assignment of Arbitration clause. This article, concludes that Arbitration clause can be personal.